
Many years ago, I was blessed to attend a spiritual conference given by a priest of the Fathers of Mercy. Please forgive me - I have forgotten his name. More importantly, I remembered his poignant message regarding the Sacrament of Penance. He commented: "One Summer I visited a nearby parish to hear confessions and offer the weekend Masses. The parish had 3,000 registered members, and I heard a total of
two confessions. There were either many sacrilegious communions that weekend, or there are 3,000 Catholics ready for canonization."
Father's message draws attention to the necessity of all sacraments, but especially the Sacrament of Penance, in today's world. For non-Catholic readers who may not be familiar with the Catholic Church's teachings, the sacraments were instituted by Christ, and they spread throughout the entire world through the evangelization of Christ's Apostles. They continue to be administered today through the successors of the Apostles - Catholic bishops and priests. It is no coincidence that both Eastern and Western Christians have believed in the same seven sacraments since the First Century - the Apostles passed on what Christ commanded them to teach.
The sacraments are outward signs instituted by Christ to give grace. A sign is something that stands for something else. Just as a flag represents a country and serves as an outward sign for that country, each sacrament is an outward sign for something spiritual, but the sacraments actually cause what they signify. For example, baptism is signified by an external washing with water, but it causes the soul to be washed from original sin (and personal sin, if the sacrament is received later in life).
Each of the sacraments gives two types of grace: sanctifying and sacramental grace. Sanctifying grace is a permanent gift from the Holy Spirit to our souls, helping to make us holy and pleasing to God. Sacramental grace is a special grace for achieving the purpose of the sacrament. In a way, it is "specific" to the sacrament itself, and our reasons for seeking the sacrament. The sacramental grace of Confirmation helps us to remain true to the Catholic Faith which has been passed on to us by the Apostles. The sacramental grace after confessing uncharity helps us to be more charitable in the future, etc.
On many occasions, Our Lord Jesus Christ exercised the power to forgive sins (Luke 7:47; Mark 2:5). Many Jews accused Him of blasphemy (Mark 2:7), but He clearly stated that "The Son of Man has authority to forgive sins on Earth" (Mark 2: 10-12). He gave His Apostles (and therefore all future bishops and priests who maintain an unbroken succession from these Apostles) the power to forgive sins on the night of His resurrection: "Receive ye the Holy Spirit, whose sins you shall forgive are forgiven them...." (Jn 20:23).
In addition to this Scriptural evidence, the early Church Fathers promoted the Sacrament of Confession. A few of many examples:
St. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan (Tier, 340-397), On the Holy Spirit, Bk. 3, Ch 18, ML 16, 808:
"Sins are forgiven through the Holy Ghost. Certainly, but men lend him their ministry. . . . They forgive sin, not in their own name, but in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost."
St. Jerome (Stridon, 345-419), Letters, No. 14, ML 22, 352:
"Far be it to censure the successors of the apostles, who with holy words consecrate the body of Christ, and who make us Christians. Having the keys of the kingdom of heaven, they judge men to some extent before the day of judgment, and guard the chastity of the Bride of Christ."
The ecumenical councils of the Church also proclaim the truth of this sacrament:
The Council of Constance (1414 - 1418):
"A Christian has the obligation, over and above heartfelt contrition, of confessing to a priest."
The Council of Florence (1438-1445):
"The fourth sacrament is penance."
The Council of Trent (1545 - 1563):
"But our Lord instituted the sacrament of penance notably on the occasion when after his resurrection, he breathed upon his disciples saying: 'Receive the Holy Spirit; whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them; and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained' (John 20:22). The universal agreement of the Father has always understood that by such a striking action and by clear words the power of remitting and of retaining sins, and of reconciling the faithful who have fallen after baptism was communicated to the apostles and to their legitimate successors; ... Therefore this holy council accepts and approves the true meaning of these words of our Lord and condemns the false interpretation of ... those words."
There are two types of sins: mortal sins and venial sins. Mortal sins (when committed knowingly, voluntarily, and will full consent) are grievous offenses against God, and they destroy our life of sanctifying grace. All of these types of sins must be confessed, as a soul can not be saved without repenting of mortal sin. Venial sins are less grievous, and while we are not obligated to confess these types of sins, it is beneficial to do so in order to receive the sacramental grace in order to live holier lives. The reception of absolution for venial sins helps prevent relapse into sin.
Pope Pius XII commented: "It is true that venial sins may be expiated in many ways that are to be highly commended, but to ensure more rapid progress day by day in the practice of virtue we want the pious practice of frequent Confession which was introduced into the Church by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit to be earnestly advocated. By it, genuine self-knowledge is increased, Christian humility grows, bad habits are corrected, spiritual neglect and tepidity are resisted, the conscience is purified, the will strengthened, a salutary self-control is attained, and grace is increased in virtue of the sacrament itself."
While the Second Vatican Council is often blamed for bringing about too much "innovation," the Council's teaching on frequent confession is wonderful, even if it was widely ignored: "Frequent and reverent recourse to this sacrament, even when only venial sin is in question, is of great value. Frequent confession is not mere ritual repetition, nor is it merely a psychological exercise. Rather is it a constant effort to bring to perfection the grace of our Baptism so that as we carry about in our bodies the death of Jesus Christ who died, the life that Jesus Christ lives may be more and more manifested in us. In such confessions penitents, while indeed confessing venial sins, should be mainly concerned with becoming more deeply conformed to Christ, and more submissive to the voice of the Spirit."
I will end with a reflection from Fr. John Hardon on the value of frequent confession. Fr. Hardon identifies eight spiritual benefits from receiving this sacrament frequently: Self-Knowledge is increased, bad habits (vices acquired by the repetition of bad actions) are corrected, our consciences are purified (in order to think and see clearly), our will is strengthened to be courageous, we gain more self-control over our emotions and desires, and we therefore become more sinless, more conformed to the Will of the Holy Spirit, and more conformed to the Holy Will of Jesus Christ.
In this season of Advent, a season of repentance before celebrating the birth of Our Lord, may we also become more conscious of our faults, and the infinite mercy of God available through the sacraments. The more frequently we confess our sins, the more grace we receive. In spite of our numerous sins, God loves us unconditionally with an infinite amount of love that only He can give.
If it has "been a while" since your last confession, this is the perfect season to make a change in your spiritual life. Go see a priest, and be amazed at the great mercy of God.